First at all, pay attention to personal hygiene and health care, washing hands frequently, and implement good hygiene practices.
Second, pay attention on respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette:
1, Any cough or other respiratory symptoms should wear a mask, mask shall be replace frequently espeically after the mask touch your mouth and nose secretions. It should be immediately replaced and thrown into the trash.
2, When sneezing, must use tissue paper or handkerchief to cover your mouth and nose. In the absence of tissue or handkerchief, the sleeve can be used in place of but this is not suggested. Always remember to bring either tissue paper or handkerchief.
3, if respiratory symptoms appear, keep a distance when talk to others, 2 meters or more is suggested.
4, Hand must be immediately clear properly after contact with respiratory secretions.
5, Do not go out if you are sick. Better stay at home and take a rest.
Finally, stay away from sources of infection, must avoid going to region that found any new type of influenza H1N1 case happen.
How to prevent H1N1 Flu?
Heart Attacks Prevention
Major changes in diet and lifestyle can not only prevent heart attacks, but can reverse the clogging of the arteries, according to a small but groundbreaking study.
The study showed that a vegetarian diet, moderate exercise and one one day of yoga and meditation can be a reversal of atherosclerosis, a blockage of the arteries that can lead to a heart attack in men and women who were strict in the following daily regime.
Experts say that this is the first study to report that such a blockade could be reversed without using cholesterol-lowering drugs or surgery.
The study, which was performed by Dr. Dean Ornish, director of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, was presented during the meeting of the American Heart Association in New Orleans.
This is a tremendously important study in the fight against cardiovascular diseases. It is the first study indicating regression of coronary heart disease without pharmaceutical intervention. The results also suggest that the current medical guidelines for changes in the habits of people with severe cardiovascular disease does not go far enough.
Previous studies have shown that exercise and diet changes can delay the progression of cardiovascular disease, but not vice versa.
Although the study does not determine what percentage of the improvement can be attributed to lifestyle changes alone the researchers found that stress-control methods has been shown to ease restoration of various diseases such as hypertension.
But some experts are skeptical about the need for stress-management methods, which are currently not covered by the standard recommendations for people with severe cardiovascular disease.
Some experts in the field of cardiac rehabilitation whether most people with cardiovascular disease may follow such strict changes in their habits.
10 method of release Pressure and Anxiety
Pressure and Anxiety not only causing Mental illness but also cancer. To release presure and anxiety, life will becaome better and live in happiness.
1. Tell about your pressure
Tell someone you would like to tell.
Remember that share the pressure, the pressure will reduce half. Share your hapiness, your happiness will double up.
2.Write out
when facing a problem, not to hide from the issue, write it down. This might help you to solve the problem, at least your pressure have been release out.
3. Exhaled pressure
Feeling heavy pressure, the most simple, rapid method is deep breathing, which is deeply absorbing anger, obturator two, three seconds, then slightly open mouth, exhaled slowly, so repeated several times, will resume normal blood circulation, heart rate slow down, and more natural feeling calm.
4. Sport
To find a quiet place outdoors, jogging or walking 20 to 30 minutes, the whole body muscle relaxant.
5.Punch pressure
if the pressure from the high authority and or powerful party, then you can find a sandbag or puppets, then punch it until you mind feel better.
6. Bath
Nice bubble bath can take away your pressure. Enjoy it and let the pressure claim dawn.
7. Sing
Let your voice bring the pressure out from your body. After sing, the pressure might be gone.
8. And some other methed like cheering, crying aloud might help you out from pressure as well. Just open your heart and find the way suitable for you.
Fnally, time keep running no matter what happen, either you choose to leave in pressure or live in happy. Open your mind and open your heart, tomorrow will always better.
Cancer - Preventive
Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the incidence of cancer. This can be accomplished by avoiding carcinogens or altering their metabolism, pursuing a lifestyle or diet that modifies cancer-causing factors and/or medical intervention (chemoprevention, treatment of pre-malignant lesions). The epidemiological concept of "prevention" is usually defined as either primary prevention, for people who have not been diagnosed with a particular disease, or secondary prevention, aimed at reducing recurrence or complications of a previously diagnosed illness.
Observational epidemiological studies that show associations between risk factors and specific cancers mostly serve to generate hypotheses about potential interventions that could reduce cancer incidence or morbidity. Randomized controlled trials then test whether hypotheses generated by epidemiological trials and laboratory research actually result in reduced cancer incidence and mortality. In many cases, findings from observational epidemiological studies are not confirmed by randomized controlled trials.
About a third of the twelve most common cancers worldwide are due to nine potentially modifiable risk factors. Men with cancer are twice as likely as women to have a modifiable risk factor for their disease. The nine risk factors are tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol use, diet low in fruit and vegetables, limited physical exercise, human papillomavirus infection (unsafe sex), urban air pollution, domestic use of solid fuels, and contaminated injections (hepatitis B and C).
Modifiable ("lifestyle") risk factors
Examples of modifiable cancer risk factors include alcohol consumption (associated with increased risk of oral, esophageal, breast, and other cancers), smoking (although 20% of women with lung cancer have never smoked, versus 10% of men), physical inactivity (associated with increased risk of colon, breast, and possibly other cancers), and being overweight (associated with colon, breast, endometrial, and possibly other cancers). Based on epidemiologic evidence, it is now thought that avoiding excessive alcohol consumption may contribute to reductions in risk of certain cancers; however, compared with tobacco exposure, the magnitude of effect is modest or small and the strength of evidence is often weaker. Other lifestyle and environmental factors known to affect cancer risk (either beneficially or detrimentally) include certain sexually transmitted diseases, the use of exogenous hormones, exposure to ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation, and certain occupational and chemical exposures.
Every year, at least 200,000 people die worldwide from cancer related to their workplace. Millions of workers run the risk of developing cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma from inhaling asbestos fibers and tobacco smoke, or leukemia from exposure to benzene at their workplaces. Currently, most cancer deaths caused by occupational risk factors occur in the developed world. It is estimated that approximately 20,000 cancer deaths and 40,000 new cases of cancer each year in the U.S. are attributable to occupation.
See alcohol and cancer for more on that topic.
Diet
Main article: Diet and cancer
The consensus on diet and cancer is that obesity increases the risk of developing cancer. Particular dietary practices often explain differences in cancer incidence in different countries (e.g. gastric cancer is more common in Japan, while colon cancer is more common in the United States). Studies have shown that immigrants develop the risk of their new country, often within one generation, suggesting a substantial link between diet and cancer. Whether reducing obesity in a population also reduces cancer incidence is unknown.
Despite frequent reports of particular substances (including foods) having a beneficial or detrimental effect on cancer risk, few of these have an established link to cancer. These reports are often based on studies in cultured cell media or animals. Public health recommendations cannot be made on the basis of these studies until they have been validated in an observational (or occasionally a prospective interventional) trial in humans.
Proposed dietary interventions for primary cancer risk reduction generally gain support from epidemiological association studies. Examples of such studies include reports that reduced meat consumption is associated with decreased risk of colon cancer, and reports that consumption of coffee is associated with a reduced risk of liver cancer. Studies have linked consumption of grilled meat to an increased risk of stomach cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer, a phenomenon which could be due to the presence of carcinogens such as benzopyrene in foods cooked at high temperatures.
A 2005 secondary prevention study showed that consumption of a plant-based diet and lifestyle changes resulted in a reduction in cancer markers in a group of men with prostate cancer who were using no conventional treatments at the time. These results were amplified by a 2006 study in which over 2,400 women were studied, half randomly assigned to a normal diet, the other half assigned to a diet containing less than 20% calories from fat. The women on the low fat diet were found to have a markedly lower risk of breast cancer recurrence, in the interim report of December, 2006.
Recent studies have also demonstrated potential links between some forms of cancer and high consumption of refined sugars and other simple carbohydrates. Although the degree of correlation and the degree of causality is still debated, some organizations have in fact begun to recommend reducing intake of refined sugars and starches as part of their cancer prevention regemins.
Vitamins
There is a concept that cancer can be prevented through vitamin supplementation stems from early observations correlating human disease with vitamin deficiency, such as pernicious anemia with vitamin B12 deficiency, and scurvy with Vitamin C deficiency. This has largely not been proven to be the case with cancer, and vitamin supplementation is largely not proving effective in preventing cancer. The cancer-fighting components of food are also proving to be more numerous and varied than previously understood, so patients are increasingly being advised to consume fresh, unprocessed fruits and vegetables for maximal health benefits.
The Canadian Cancer Society has advised Canadians that the intake of vitamin D has shown a reduction of cancers by close to 60%, and at least one study has shown a specific benefit for this vitamin in preventing colon cancer.
Vitamin D and its protective effect against cancer has been contrasted with the risk of malignancy from sun exposure. Since exposure to the sun enhances natural human production of vitamin D, some cancer researchers have argued that the potential deleterious malignant effects of sun exposure are far outweighed by the cancer-preventing effects of extra vitamin D synthesis in sun-exposed skin. In 2002, Dr. William B. Grant claimed that 23,800 premature cancer deaths occur in the US annually due to insufficient UVB exposure (apparently via vitamin D deficiency). This is higher than 8,800 deaths occurred from melanoma or squamous cell carcinoma, so the overall effect of sun exposure might be beneficial. Another research group estimates that 50,000–63,000 individuals in the United States and 19,000 - 25,000 in the UK die prematurely from cancer annually due to insufficient vitamin D.
The case of beta-carotene provides an example of the importance of randomized clinical trials. Epidemiologists studying both diet and serum levels observed that high levels of beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A, were associated with a protective effect, reducing the risk of cancer. This effect was particularly strong in lung cancer. This hypothesis led to a series of large randomized clinical trials conducted in both Finland and the United States (CARET study) during the 1980s and 1990s. This study provided about 80,000 smokers or former smokers with daily supplements of beta-carotene or placebos. Contrary to expectation, these tests found no benefit of beta-carotene supplementation in reducing lung cancer incidence and mortality. In fact, the risk of lung cancer was slightly, but not significantly, increased by beta-carotene, leading to an early termination of the study.
Results reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 2007 indicate that folic acid supplementation is not effective in preventing colon cancer, and folate consumers may be more likely to form colon polyps.
Chemoprevention
The concept that medications could be used to prevent cancer is an attractive one, and many high-quality clinical trials support the use of such chemoprevention in defined circumstances.
Daily use of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), typically for 5 years, has been demonstrated to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in high-risk women by about 50%. A recent study reported that the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene has similar benefits to tamoxifen in preventing breast cancer in high-risk women, with a more favorable side effect profile.
Raloxifene is a SERM like tamoxifen; it has been shown (in the STAR trial) to reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk women equally as well as tamoxifen. In this trial, which studied almost 20,000 women, raloxifene had fewer side effects than tamoxifen, though it did permit more DCIS to form.
Finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, has been shown to lower the risk of prostate cancer, though it seems to mostly prevent low-grade tumors. The effect of COX-2 inhibitors such as rofecoxib and celecoxib upon the risk of colon polyps have been studied in familial adenomatous polyposis patients and in the general population. In both groups, there were significant reductions in colon polyp incidence, but this came at the price of increased cardiovascular toxicity.
Genetic testing
Genetic testing for high-risk individuals is already available for certain cancer-related genetic mutations. Carriers of genetic mutations that increase risk for cancer incidence can undergo enhanced surveillance, chemoprevention, or risk-reducing surgery. Early identification of inherited genetic risk for cancer, along with cancer-preventing interventions such as surgery or enhanced surveillance, can be lifesaving for high-risk individuals.
Vaccination
Considerable research effort is now devoted to the development of vaccines to prevent infection by oncogenic infectious agents, as well as to mount an immune response against cancer-specific epitopes) and to potential venues for gene therapy for individuals with genetic mutations or polymorphisms that put them at high risk of cancer.
As reported above, a preventive human papillomavirus vaccine exists that targets certain sexually transmitted strains of human papillomavirus that are associated with the development of cervical cancer and genital warts. The only two HPV vaccines on the market as of October 2007 are Gardasil and Cervarix.
Screening
Cancer screening is an attempt to detect unsuspected cancers in an asymptomatic population. Screening tests suitable for large numbers of healthy people must be relatively affordable, safe, noninvasive procedures with acceptably low rates of false positive results. If signs of cancer are detected, more definitive and invasive follow up tests are performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Screening for cancer can lead to earlier diagnosis in specific cases. Early diagnosis may lead to extended life, but may also falsely prolong the lead time to death through lead time bias or length time bias.
A number of different screening tests have been developed for different malignancies. Breast cancer screening can be done by breast self-examination, though this approach was discredited by a 2005 study in over 300,000 Chinese women. Screening for breast cancer with mammograms has been shown to reduce the average stage of diagnosis of breast cancer in a population. Stage of diagnosis in a country has been shown to decrease within ten years of introduction of mammographic screening programs. Colorectal cancer can be detected through fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy, which reduces both colon cancer incidence and mortality, presumably through the detection and removal of pre-malignant polyps. Similarly, cervical cytology testing (using the Pap smear) leads to the identification and excision of precancerous lesions. Over time, such testing has been followed by a dramatic reduction of cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Testicular self-examination is recommended for men beginning at the age of 15 years to detect testicular cancer. Prostate cancer can be screened using a digital rectal exam along with prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood testing, though some authorities (such as the US Preventive Services Task Force) recommend against routinely screening all men.
Screening for cancer is controversial in cases when it is not yet known if the test actually saves lives. The controversy arises when it is not clear if the benefits of screening outweigh the risks of follow-up diagnostic tests and cancer treatments. For example: when screening for prostate cancer, the PSA test may detect small cancers that would never become life threatening, but once detected will lead to treatment. This situation, called overdiagnosis, puts men at risk for complications from unnecessary treatment such as surgery or radiation. Follow up procedures used to diagnose prostate cancer (prostate biopsy) may cause side effects, including bleeding and infection. Prostate cancer treatment may cause incontinence (inability to control urine flow) and erectile dysfunction (erections inadequate for intercourse). Similarly, for breast cancer, there have recently been criticisms that breast screening programs in some countries cause more problems than they solve. This is because screening of women in the general population will result in a large number of women with false positive results which require extensive follow-up investigations to exclude cancer, leading to having a high number-to-treat (or number-to-screen) to prevent or catch a single case of breast cancer early.
Cervical cancer screening via the Pap smear has the best cost-benefit profile of all the forms of cancer screening from a public health perspective as, being largely caused by a virus, it has clear risk factors (sexual contact), and the natural progression of cervical cancer is that it normally spreads slowly over a number of years therefore giving more time for the screening program to catch it early. Moreover, the test itself is easy to perform and relatively cheap.
For these reasons, it is important that the benefits and risks of diagnostic procedures and treatment be taken into account when considering whether to undertake cancer screening.
Use of medical imaging to search for cancer in people without clear symptoms is similarly marred with problems. There is a significant risk of detection of what has been recently called an incidentaloma - a benign lesion that may be interpreted as a malignancy and be subjected to potentially dangerous investigations. Recent studies of CT scan-based screening for lung cancer in smokers have had equivocal results, and systematic screening is not recommended as of July 2007. Randomized clinical trials of plain-film chest X-rays to screen for lung cancer in smokers have shown no benefit for this approach.
Canine cancer detection has shown promise, but is still in the early stages of research.
Originally from Wikipedia.org
Health Care - Cancer Preventive
Theoritically, everyone is likely to be suffering from cancer, but medical confirm any of the following people suffering from cancer more likely, early prevention.
First, the hot tea Changhe
Regular drinking high temperature (above 70 degrees Celsius) water tea is not only easy to burn the esophagus, chronic ulcers, and the tannin in tea can be deposited on the injury site, stimulate epithelial cells of the esophagus injuries, chronic ulcers caused prolonged Fuyu, lead to cancer.
Second, often stay up late
Night cell division is the most productive period, if enough sleep at night, lower the body's immunity, the cells mutate to not be timely clearance, which may lead to cancer.
And stay up late, often smoking for the refreshing drink coffee, but also to more easily enter the human carcinogens.
Third, hold urine
Urine contains one or more of the carcinogenic substances, it can stimulate the bladder epithelial carcinogenesis. In the feces of the more harmful, such as hydrogen sulfide, skatole, cholesterol and sub-acid metabolites, such as carcinogens, if often stimulate the intestinal mucosa, will lead to cancer.
4, allergies physique
Have a history of allergic women suffering from breast cancer is higher than normal risk of 30 percent of men are suffering from allergies risk of prostate cancer is 40 percent higher than normal.
5, low serum cholesterol
Experts believe that the low serum cholesterol, the higher the incidence of colon cancer. Serum cholesterol below 110 mg / dl people, the risk of colon cancer than the normal high of more than three times.
6, migraine eat meat
Experts found that day to pigs, cattle, sheep, etc. Churu-eating people, with the proportion of colorectal cancer than those eating several small amount of the monthly Roushizhe high 2.5 times the risk of developing pancreatic cancer also of the Carnivore increase.
7, the children of cancer patients
Medicine confirmed that the incidence of human cancer and genetic factors have great relations. The descendants of cancer patients significantly the risk of cancer than the general population.
8, one of the spouses cancer
Data show that both the husband and wife have cancer or phenomenon, a growing trend known as "husband and wife cancer." Experts believe that the same root cause of their poor lifestyle.
9, hypertension
Hypertension Although not directly cause cancer, but the occurrence of the two diseases share a common mechanism. Obesity, alcohol, smoking, too much salt can make blood pressure rise, etc., can induce cancer.
10, a lack of vitamin
Experts believe that in the protection of the people less vulnerable to vitamin cancer violations. Vitamin A, the lack of β-carotene, the risk of lung cancer increased three times a lack of vitamin C, suffering from esophageal cancer, the risk of gastric cancer were increased by 2 times and 3.5 times less than in the vitamin E group, lip cancer, Oral cancer, skin cancer, cervical cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer incidence rates have increased.
Lung Cancer - Preventive
Prevention is the most cost-effective means of fighting lung cancer. While in most countries industrial and domestic carcinogens have been identified and banned, tobacco smoking is still widespread. Eliminating tobacco smoking is a primary goal in the prevention of lung cancer, and smoking cessation is an important preventative tool in this process.
Policy interventions to decrease passive smoking in public areas such as restaurants and workplaces have become more common in many Western countries, with California taking a lead in banning smoking in public establishments in 1998. Ireland played a similar role in Europe in 2004, followed by Italy and Norway in 2005, Scotland as well as several others in 2006, England in 2007, and France in 2008. New Zealand has banned smoking in public places as of 2004.
The state of Bhutan has had a complete smoking ban since 2005. In many countries, pressure groups are campaigning for similar bans. Arguments cited against such bans are criminalisation of smoking, increased risk of smuggling and the risk that such a ban cannot be enforced.
A 2008 study performed in over 75,000 middle-aged and elderly people demonstrated that the long-term use of supplemental multivitamins, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate did not reduce the risk of lung cancer. To the contrary, the study indicates that the long term intake of high doses of vitamin E supplements may even increase the risk of lung cancer.
Originally from Wikipedia.org
