Introduce some important element we need for our body.
1. Carbohydrates
This is one of the elements very important for our brain
2.Protein
This is the major element to produce cell.
3.Calcium
99% of Calcium are inside our bone and teeth.
4.Magnesium
To help our body to absorb Calcium
5.Iron
The element to build up the blood so that the blood is enough to carry the oxygen.
6.Vitamin A
Major factor for our eyes and skin
7.Vitamin B-Complex
It represents the Metabolism
8.Vitamin C
Provide better absorption of Calcium, Magnesium & Iron. Also increase the immunity.
9.Vitamin D
Major elements to develop our bone and teeth.
10.Vitamin E
It is the element for cell to maintain in good condition.
11.Vitamin K
Function as clotting. To clot the blood when our body get cut, this is to avoid blood loss.
12.Essential Fatty Acid
Build the membrane
13.Folate
Good for our memory and heart
14.Dietary Fibre
Help in better absorption and Excretion
What kind of Nutrition do we need?
Breast Cancer - Prognosis
A prognosis is the medical team's "best guess" in how cancer will affect a patient. There are many prognostic factors associated with breast cancer: staging, tumour size and location, grade, whether disease is systemic (has metastasized, or traveled to other parts of the body), recurrence of the disease, and age of patient.
Stage is the most important, as it takes into consideration size, local involvement, lymph node status and whether metastatic disease is present. The higher the stage at diagnosis, the worse the prognosis. Larger tumours, invasiveness of disease to lymph nodes, chest wall, skin or beyond, and aggressiveness of the cancer cells raise the stage, while smaller tumours, cancer-free zones, and close to normal cell behaviour (grading) lower it.
Grading is based on how cultured biopsied cells behave. The closer to normal cancer cells are, the slower their growth and a better prognosis. If cells are not well differentiated, they appear immature, divide more rapidly, and tend to spread. Well differentiated is given a grade of 1, moderate is grade 2, while poor or undifferentiated is given a higher grade of 3 or 4 (depending upon the scale used).
Younger women tend to have a poorer prognosis than post-menopausal women due to several factors. Their breasts are active with their cycles, they may be nursing infants, and may be unaware of changes in their breasts. Therefore, younger women are usually at a more advanced stage when diagnosed.
The presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cancer cell, while not prognostic, is important in guiding treatment. Those who do not test positive for these specific receptors will not respond to hormone therapy.
Likewise, HER2/neu status directs the course of treatment. Patients whose cancer cells are positive for HER2/neu have more aggressive disease and may be treated with trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets this protein.
Psychological aspects of diagnosis and treatment
The emotional impact of cancer diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and related issues can be severe. Most larger hospitals are associated with cancer support groups which can help patients cope with the many issues that come up in a supportive environment with other people with experience with similar issues. Online cancer support groups are also very beneficial to cancer patients, especially in dealing with uncertainty and body-image problems inherent in cancer treatment.
Not all breast cancer patients experience their illness in the same manner. Factors such as age can have a significant impact on the way a patient copes with a breast cancer diagnosis. For example, a recent study conducted by researchers at the College of Public Health of the University of Georgia showed that older women may face a more difficult recovery from breast cancer than their younger counterparts. As the incidence of breast cancer in women over 50 rises and survival rates increase, breast cancer is increasingly becoming a geriatric issue that warrants both further research and the expansion of specialized cancer support services tailored for specific age groups.
Racial disparities in diagnosis and treatment
Several studies have found that black women in the U.S. are more likely to die from breast cancer even though white women are more likely to be diagnosed with the disease. Even after diagnosis, black women are less likely to get treatment compared to white women. Scholars have advanced several theories for the disparities, including inadequate access to screening, reduced availability of the most advanced surgical and medical techniques, or some biological characteristic of the disease in the African American population. Some studies suggest that the racial disparity in breast cancer outcomes may reflect cultural biases more than biological disease differences. Research is currently ongoing to define the contribution of both biological and cultural factors.
Breast Cancer - Treatment
The mainstay of breast cancer treatment is surgery when the tumor is localized, with possible adjuvant hormonal therapy (with tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor), chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. At present, the treatment recommendations after surgery (adjuvant therapy) follow a pattern. This pattern is subject to change, as every two years, a worldwide conference takes place in St. Gallen, Switzerland, to discuss the actual results of worldwide multi-center studies. Depending on clinical criteria (age, type of cancer, size, metastasis) patients are roughly divided to high risk and low risk cases, with each risk category following different rules for therapy. Treatment possibilities include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immune therapy.
In planning treatment, doctors can also use PCR tests like Oncotype DX or microarray tests like MammaPrint that predict breast cancer recurrence risk based on gene expression. In February 2007, the MammaPrint test became the first breast cancer predictor to win formal approval from the Food and Drug Administration. This is a new gene test to help predict whether women with early-stage breast cancer will relapse in 5 or 10 years, this could help influence how aggressively the initial tumor is treated.
Lung Cancer - Staging
Staging is the extent of the spread of cancer definition method. Staging is very important, it is because of your recovery and treatment may depend on the profile of your cancer staging. For example, a period of cancer may be the best treatment, while the other would be preferable in the treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Small-cell and non-small cell lung cancer staging system is not the same.
Patients with lung cancer treatment and prognosis (survival may Overview) depends largely on the stage of cancer and cell types. CT, MRI, scans, bone marrow biopsy, mediastinal microscope and hematology checks can be used for cancer staging.
Be sure to let your doctor you can understand the way in which you explain your view, to decide which treatment best suited to your personal medical situation.
Non-small cell lung cancer staging:
Most often used to describe non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the growth and spread of the TNM staging system, also called the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). In the TNM staging, combined with the tumor, nearby lymph nodes and distant organs transfer of information, which used to refer to specific phases of the TNM grouping. Packet staging and the use of digital 0 Roman numerals I to IV to describe.
T representative tumor (in the lungs, as well as the size and extent of the spread of approaching organ), the representative lymph node spread of N, M said metastasis (spread to distant organs).
Non-small cell lung cancer staging T: T classification according to the size of lung cancer in the lungs and the proliferation of location, spread to the extent of approaching organizations.
Tis
- Cancer confined to the airway lining cells pathway. Not spread to the other lung tissue, lung cancer is often called carcinoma in situ.
T1
- Tumors less than 3 cm (slightly less than 11 / 4 inches), did not spread to visceral pleural (lung wrapped with the membrane), and did not affect the main bronchus.
T2
- Cancer one or more of the following characteristics:
- greater than 3 cm
- main bronchial involvement, but from the carina (trachea into place around the main bronchus) more than 2 cm (about 3 / 4 inches).
- Already spread to the visceral pleura
- Cancer partial obstruction of the airway, but did not cause lung or in proper pneumonia
T3
- Cancer one or more of the following characteristics:
- Spread to the chest wall, diaphragm (to be separate from the chest and abdominal respiratory muscle), mediastinal pleura (the gap between the lungs wrapped with the membrane), or layer of pericardial (heart wrapped membrane).
- Side of the main bronchial involvement from the carina (trachea into place around the main bronchus) less than 2 cm (about 3 / 4 inches) but do not include the carina.
- Into the airway has been long enough to cause lung or all in proper pneumonia.
T4
- Cancer one or more of the following characteristics:
- Spread to mediastinal (sternum after the gap in front of the heart), heart, trachea, esophagus (connecting hose pipe and the stomach), spine, or carina (trachea into place around the main bronchus).
- With a lobe, there are two or more independent of tumor nodules
- With malignant pleural effusion (fluid around the lung, cancer cells contain).
Non-small cell lung cancer classification N
N staging of cancer depends on the violation of the lymph nodes near.
N0: cancer has not spread to lymph nodes
N1: the proliferation of lymph node cancer confined to the lungs, hilar lymph nodes (located in bronchial pulmonary enter the local environs). Limited to the lymph node metastasis from lung ipsilateral.
N2: carina cancer has spread to lymph nodes (around tracheal bronchus into position around), or mediastinal lymph node (sternum after heart before the gap). Limited to the lymph nodes involved with ipsilateral lung.
N3: Cancer has spread to the ipsilateral or contralateral supraclavicular lymph node, and (or) from spreading to the contralateral lung hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes.
Table 1: Non-small cell lung cancer group stages
Non-small cell lung cancer staging M
M phases depends on whether the cancer organization or transferred to distant organs.
M0: no distant proliferation.
M1: cancer has spread to one or more distant sites. Other sites include distant lobe, exceeding by more than N staging, and the lymph nodes or other organs, such as the liver, bone or brain.
Non-small cell lung cancer staging groups: Once the T, N and M phases clear, and the combination of these messages (phased organization) would be a clear integrated phases 0, I, II, III or IV period (see table 1). Staging relatively low patient survival prospects good.
Stage small cell lung cancer
Although small cell lung cancer can be as non-small cell lung cancer the same stage, but doctors found that the vast majority of physicians two more simple system in the treatment of a better option. The system will be divided into small-cell lung cancer, "the deadline" and "extensive" period (also called the proliferation of period).
Deadline that the cancer is limited to the lung and lymph nodes only side in the same side of the chest.
If the cancer spread to the other side of the lung, chest or contralateral lymph nodes or distant organs, or is enveloping the pulmonary malignant pleural effusion, called extensive period.
Breast Cancer - Staging
Breast cancer is staged according to the TNM system, updated in the AJCC Staging Manual, now on its sixth edition. Prognosis is closely linked to results of staging, and staging is also used to allocate patients to treatments both in clinical trials and clinical practice. The information for staging is as follows:
TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed. T0: No evidence of tumor. Tis: Carcinoma in situ, no invasion T1: Tumor is 2 cm or less T2: Tumor is more than 2 cm but not more than 5 cm T3: Tumor is more than 5 cm T4: Tumor of any size growing into the chest wall or skin, or inflammatory breast cancer
NX: Nearby lymph nodes cannot be assessed N0: Cancer has not spread to regional lymph nodes. N1: Cancer has spread to 1 to 3 axillary or one internal mammary lymph node N2: Cancer has spread to 4 to 9 axillary lymph nodes or multiple internal mammary lymph nodes N3: One of the following applies:
Cancer has spread to 10 or more axillary lymph nodes, or Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the clavicle (collar bone), or Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes above the clavicle, or Cancer involves axillary lymph nodes and has enlarged the internal mammary lymph nodes, or Cancer involves 4 or more axillary lymph nodes, and tiny amounts of cancer are found in internal mammary lymph nodes on sentinel lymph node biopsy.
MX: Presence of distant spread (metastasis) cannot be assessed. M0: No distant spread. M1: Spread to distant organs, not including the supraclavicular lymph node, has occurred
Summary of stages:
Stage 0 - Carcinoma in situ
Stage I - Tumor (T) does not involve axillary lymph nodes (N).
Stage IIA – T 2-5 cm, N negative, or T <2 cm and N positive.
Stage IIB – T > 5 cm, N negative, or T 2-5 cm and N positive (< 4 axillary nodes).
Stage IIIA – T > 5 cm, N positive, or T 2-5 cm with 4 or more axillary nodes
Stage IIIB – T has penetrated chest wall or skin, and may have spread to < 10 axillary N
Stage IIIC – T has > 10 axillary N, 1 or more supraclavicular or infraclavicular N, or internal mammary N.
Stage IV – Distant metastasis (M)
Breast lesions are examined for certain markers, notably sex steroid hormone receptors. About two thirds of postmenopausal breast cancers are estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and progesterone receptor positive (PR+).[83] Receptor status modifies the treatment as, for instance, only ER-positive tumors, not ER-negative tumors, are sensitive to hormonal therapy.
The breast cancer is also usually tested for the presence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, a protein also known as HER2, neu or erbB2. HER2 is a cell-surface protein involved in cell development. In normal cells, HER2 controls aspects of cell growth and division. When activated in cancer cells, HER2 accelerates tumor formation. About 20-30% of breast cancers overexpress HER2. Those patients may be candidates for the drug trastuzumab, both in the postsurgical setting (so-called "adjuvant" therapy), and in the metastatic setting.
Pregnancy
The joy of having a baby is one of the most prized and joyful experiences in a woman's life time. However there are so many books giving you advice on different aspects of being pregnant. Well, below is our list of things you should know and practice while pregnant.
Green tea- Yes green tea will give you everything you need to keep your body running well. Take it unsweetened all day long. It will keep you active and happy.
Walk- Keeping fit isn't the goal here. Walking will help your baby also. It keeps your baby moving and promotes an on time labor. Walking is a great way start the day off with. Don't forget to eat breakfast.
Relax- Stressing out is the last thing you want to do while pregnant. Reading a book is great for relaxing and of course nice music. If you stress out you may end up endorsing labor. Be sure that your close family members know this and can help you relax even more.
Be surrounded by love- Let's be honest, when you are pregnant you will feel as if you are huge. Being around people who love you and don't care how big you are means a lot. And will make you feel much better about yourself.
Laugh- Hahaha.. laughter is a great gift. Laughing can turn you from being sad to making you cry of joy. Have fun with your life. You're about to have a baby after all. Ask other mothers around you to tell you their crazy kid stories. You'll be so happy that you'll look even more forward to sharing your own stories over and over again.
Lung Cance - Early symtoms (Must Read)
Implicit gradually lung cancer, and its early symptoms not much, and some people even without detectable, but only occasionally found in the physical examination. Once a significant symptom, often already close to the late, when treatment has been very difficult, and patients with high mortality rates. So for lung cancer, in your its diagnosis and treatment.
Following the early symptoms and signs of early diagnosis of lung cancer have some help:
1. A dry cough, choking over two weeks, and the anti-inflammatory treatment ineffective, or the original nature of chronic cough suddenly change;
2. Bloody sputum and sudden chest pain is just unbearable, and no obvious reasons to explain;
3. Lung auscultation, there are limitations Wheezing audition Diyin, Han and the sound does not change because of coughing;
4. Repeated a place in the lung inflammatory changes;
5. And we can not explain the limitations of the general tracheitis Feiwenli increase or limitations emphysema;
6. Long-term smoker, change cough, sputum and blood.
Nutrition Product - Bad for our health?
Many people are misunderstanding the function of nutrition product. They tough the nutrition can fulfill everything they needed and ignore their lifestyle and food.
Nutrition product is actually just an additional “food” for you to fulfill your body needed because the human being nowadays is busying and sometime might ignore some nutrition. The expert always commented that if you eat fast food often, smoke or drink alcohol a lot, not enough sleep, less exercise/sport, then no matter how much the nutrition product you took, you would not have a health body.
Balance Nutrition is very important, the three golden subjective are
1. Balance Food and Drink
2. Suitable amount of the Food and Drink
3. Multi-level of foods (refer to food pyramid)
Well, as per mentioned before, that is not easy for us to get balance food daily, that is the reason to take nutrition product will can help us in better balancing nutrition for our body. However, nutrition product we took should be from nature.
On the other hand, if you are a patient such as Diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and etc, then nutrition product might make you getting worse. In order to protect yourself, always suggest to get advices from the doctor before you take any nutrition product. Let the expert do their job.
Final conclusion is our lifestyle is the root cause of our health. Take care our lifestyle is better then take the nutrition product. However, we have to take nutrition product, only after the advices from doctor or just consider it as additional “food” for better nutrition.
Lung cancer - Common Sign & Symtoms
Common lung cancer sig and symptoms
Sign
1. Cough
The most common initial symptoms. Due to tumor size, location can be different for the performance of dry cough, cough RUF, with the sound of wheezing cough and cough with metal sound.
2. Expectoration
About 15% since the beginning of expectoration, mostly white sputum. Vascularized tumor rupture, sputum, hemoptysis sustainable, but also for intermittent. 25 ~ 40% of patients with lung cancer hemoptysis.
3. Chest pain
Early to chest discomfort. When tumors involving the chest wall could lead to a sustained, intense chest pain.
4. Wheeze
Some obstruction due to bronchial asthma, making breathing sound.
5. Shortness of breath
Common bronchial spasm, obstruction, pulmonary infection, pulmonary diseases such as pleural effusion or different degrees of shortness of breath.
6. Fever
Because of bronchial obstruction, stasis secretions caused varying degrees of inflammation.
Symptoms
1. Hoarseness
When the tumor can cause violations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, dumb pronunciation, speaking in a "whisper-like."
2. Facial swelling
Tumor suppression on the inferior vena cava, causing facial swelling, skin Purpurin, dizziness, vertigo, stuffy nose and other symptoms increase when supine. Another upper extremity, neck swelling often occurred.
3. supraclavicular lymph nodes: in the supraclavicular fossa visible enlarged lymph nodes, advanced mass can be formed.
4. Dysphagia
To mediastinal lymph node metastasis of lung cancer, esophageal oppression from eating difficulties.
5. Clubbed fingers, toes and lung Osteoarthropathy
Patients with lung cancer can occur clubbed fingers and toes of. Some patients showed early migration of large joints deep burning sensation.
6. The transfer of lung cancer caused by other symptoms
Transfer to the brain can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and hemiplegia; bone metastasis, such as bone pain caused.
Little children mental development by playing game (Part 1)
Here choose a group of games, from different angles training, physical development among children of flexibility and coordination. Easy to use, simple and appropriate in the family do.
Game 1: Long Arm game
Objective: To cultivate children's ability of flexible
Material: Trouser
Method: Wear the trouser with hand as "Long Arm"monster, then who was touched by the trouser are considered lose.
Recommendations: start playing, so that children can run free hand, parents who do the long arm. And then swap roles, then the transition to chase each other.
GAne 2: Mountain climbing
Objective: To train children in his leg strength.
Material: the use of public housing opportunities.
Method: Assuming te stairs is the mountain. Then parent lead the children to clamb the mountain. When all are success climb up the "Peak" and cheers: "We have to Peak!"
Suggestions: Parents should pay attention to protection. According to a high degree of endurance and gradually increase the difficulty to children's physical exercise and athletic ability.
Gme 3: "Acrobatic performances"
Objective: To train children's waiste and abdominal.
Material: plastic bottles, rope and thin bamboo pole.
Preparation: parents and children together to get through bottle-shaped into a sleeve. do some colouring or drawing on it, and then rope it up or use the thin bamboo pole to string up sleeves. Then just fix it accoring to the high of parents or children to sit for an encounter with their feet to fit.
Method: Parents sit on the carpet, with his legs kick the sleeve bottle to rotate the sleeve to show the their child. Then, lower down the high of the sleeve, so that children can also do this "acrobatic performances."
Lung cancer - major factors
Lung cancer mainly on the occurrence of lung cancer smoking, occupational (in close contact with asbestos, radon gas, mustard gas, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds, chlorine ether, chromium, nickel, inorganic arsenic compounds, as well as radiation, etc.), air pollution (the air pollution contains a large number of motor vehicle exhaust, burning waste) factors. There are other factors: dietary vitamin A and other analogues (vitamin A) in the content related to the occurrence of lung cancer, chronic lung diseases (such as chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis), genetic factors.
The incidence of lung cancer is very complex factors. However, the two major factors ca be summarized as below:
First, environmental carcinogens factors.
With industrial development, air pollution has become a major problem, such as nitrosamines, asbestos, chrome, nickel, mustard gas, arsenic, bitumen, oil and other emissions…… spread in the air, the water enters the human body has become an important factor carcinogenic ;
Second, the individual factors to smoking is the most important factor.
Smoking index greater than 400 and obviously the incidence of lung cancer, smoking index for smoke daily count by the number of years of smoking. Some scholars study, smokers than non-smokers of lung cancer 8.8 times the rate. Tobacco-specific carcinogenic substances containing N-nitroso drop smoke pH, it is a Central nitrosamines, after activation, can be carcinogenic substances, carcinogenic mutations performance.
Breast Cancer - Classification
Breast cancers are described along four different classification schemes, or groups, each based on different criteria and serving a different purpose:
Pathology - A pathologist will categorize each tumor based on its histological (microscopic anatomy) appearance and other criteria. The most common pathologic types of breast cancer are invasive ductal carcinoma, malignant cancer in the breast's ducts, and invasive lobular carcinoma, malignant cancer in the breast's lobules.
Grade of tumor - The histological grade of a tumor is determined by a pathologist under a microscope. A well-differentiated (low grade) tumor resembles normal tissue. A poorly differentiated (high grade) tumor is composed of disorganized cells and, therefore, does not look like normal tissue. Moderately differentiated (intermediate grade) tumors are somewhere in between.
Protein & gene expression status - Currently, all breast cancers should be tested for expression, or detectable effect, of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu proteins. These tests are usually done by immunohistochemistry and are presented in a pathologist's report. The profile of expression of a given tumor helps predict its prognosis, or outlook, and helps an oncologist choose the most appropriate treatment. More genes and/or proteins may be tested in the future.
Stage of a tumour - The currently accepted staging scheme for breast cancer is the TNM classification.
There are five tumor classification values (Tis, T1, T2, T3 or T4) which depend on the presence or absence of invasive cancer, the dimensions of the invasive cancer, and the presence or absence of invasion outside of the breast (e.g. to the skin of the breast, to the muscle or to the rib cage underneath):
Tx - Primary tumor cannot be assessed.
T0 - No evidence of primary tumor.
Tis - Carcinoma in situ.
Tis(DCIS) - Intracuctal Carcinoma in situ.
Tis(LCIS) - Lobular Carcinoma in situ.
Tis(Paget's) - Paget's disease of the nipple with no tumor.
T1 - Tumor 2cm or less in its greatest dimension.
T1mic - Microinvasion 0.1cm or less in greatest dimension.
T1a - Tumor more then 0.1cm but not more than 0.5cm in its greatest dimension.
T1b - Tumor more than 0.5cm but not more than 1.0cm in its greatest dimension.
T1c - Tumor more than 1.0cm but not more than 2.0cm in its greatest dimension.
T2 - Tumor more than 2.0cm but not more than 5.0cm in its greatest dimension.
T3 - Tumor more than 5cm in its greatest dimension.
T4 - Tumor of any size with direct extension to (a) chest wall or (b) skin as described below:
T4a - Extension to chest wall.
T4b - Edema (including peau d'orange) or ulceration of the breast skin, or satellite skin nodules confined to the same breast.
T4c - Both T4a and T4b.
T4d - Inflammatory breast cancer.
Lymph Node - There are four lymph node classification values (N0, N1, N2 or N3) which depend on the number, size and location of breast cancer cell deposits in lymph nodes.
Nx - regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed. Perhaps due to previous removal.
N0 - no regional lymph node metastasis.
N1 - metastasis to movable regional axillary lymph nodes on the same side as the effected breast.
N2 - metastasis to fixed regional axillary lymph nodes, or metastasis to the internal mammary lymph nodes, on the same side as the effected breast.
N3 - metastasis to supraclavicular lymph nodes or infraclavicular lymph nodes or metastasis to the internal mammary lymph nodes with metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes.
Metastases - There are two metastatic classification values (M0 or M1) which depend on the presence or absence of breast cancer cells in locations other than the breast and lymph nodes (so-called distant metastases, e.g. to bone, brain, lung).
Originally from Wikipedia.org
Breast Cancer - Introduction
Breast cancer is a cancer that starts in the cells of the breast.
Worldwide, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer after lung cancer (10.4% of all cancer incidence, both sexes counted) and the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Worldwide, breast cancer is by far the most common cancer amongst women, with an incidence rate more than twice that of colorectal cancer and cervical cancer and about three times that of lung cancer. However breast cancer mortality worldwide is just 25% greater than that of lung cancer in women. In 2005, breast cancer caused 502,000 deaths worldwide (7% of cancer deaths; almost 1% of all deaths).The number of cases worldwide has significantly increased since the 1970s, a phenomenon partly blamed on modern lifestyles in the Western world.
The incidence of breast cancer varies greatly around the world being lower in less developed countries and greatest in the more developed countries. In the twelve world regions the annual age standardised incidence per 100,000 women are in Eastern Asia 18, South Central Asia 22, 
sub-Saharan Africa 22, South-Eastern Asia 26, North Africa and Western Asia 28, South and Central America 42, Eastern Europe 49, Southern Europe 56, Northern Europe 73, Oceania 74, Western Europe 78, and in North America 90. In the United States the incidence is 141 among white women and 122 among African American women.
North American women have the highest incidence of breast cancer in the world. Among women in the U.S., breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second-most common cause of cancer death (after lung cancer). Women in the U.S. have a 1 in 8 (12.5%) lifetime chance of developing invasive breast cancer and a 1 in 35 (3%) chance of breast cancer causing their death. In 2007, breast cancer was expected to cause 40,910 deaths in the U.S. (7% of cancer deaths; almost 2% of all deaths).
In the U.S., 
both incidence and death rates for breast cancer have been declining in the last few years. Nevertheless, a U.S. study conducted in 2005 by the Society for Women's Health Research indicated that breast cancer remains the most feared disease, even though heart disease is a much more common cause of death among women.
Because the breast is composed of identical tissues in males and females, breast cancer also occurs in males. Incidences of breast cancer in men are approximately 100 times less common than in women, but men with breast cancer are considered to have the same statistical survival rates as women.
Originally from Wikipedia.org
Governmental Reforms are needed to ward of hospital infections in the United Sates
This time the government of the United States needs to tie up their belts and must take every possible step to clear infections in the major hospitals. On April 16th,2008 a report was released which stated clearly that 99,000 people die per year due to hospital infections in the US and that because the Government don’t introduce compulsory practices in hospitals to clear infections. The reports of the Government Accountability office stated that if the government could introduce some restrictions and prior rules to keep hospitals clean. Then it can reduce the future reimbursements because of growing infections and its after-effects.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services was strongly accused in the reports because of not synchronizing information across agencies and failing to implement suggested measures. Cynthia Bascetta, director for health issues at the Government Accountability Office claimed that the secretary of the HHS must administer and exercise his/her power to implement necessary reforms.
Experts pointed out that the hospital staffs and the administration are not paid sufficiently and not put under pressures to maintain cleanliness in the hospitals. Another cause is the growing popularity of new technologies and drugs that has weakened the infection prevention and effective care for patients. These must be countered by the US government.
